Glossary

Alignment: The vertical and the horizontal position of text inside of the margins.

Analogous color scheme: When the primary and secondary colors adjacent to each other on the color wheel are used together.

Analogous colors: The colors which are right beside each other on the color wheel.

Annotated bibliography: Includes a summary and/or evaluation of each source.

Appositive: A noun, noun phrase, or noun clause which follows a noun or pronoun and renames or describes the noun or pronoun it follows. They are often set apart by commas.

Bibliography: Alphabetical list of books and other works such as journal articles.

Bitmap graphic: A digital image created on a visual display unit where each pixel corresponds to a fixed number of bits in memory with the number of bits per pixel determining the number of available colors.

Brightness: The amount of white in a color.

Caliper: The thickness of a single sheet of paper.

CMYK Color Model: The technique that consists of mixing colors based upon pigments.

Collaboration: A recursive process, where two or more people or organizations work together in an intersection of common goals.

Color Theory: The guideline used to understand the mixing of colors and impact of those color combinations.

Color wheel: A tool used to understand color. In its most basic form it consists of six colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple.

Complimentary color scheme: When the colors placed opposite each other on the color wheel are used together.

Complimentary colors: The colors placed directly across from the other on the color wheel.

Concept chart: Any chart that shows the interaction between multiple subjects.

Context: In communication, the information that is not explicitly transmitted, such as background information, or information that is assumed to be understood by participants in a conversation.

Contrast: The amount of difference that distinguishes one element on the page from the others. Also, the recognizable difference between two colors.

Cool colors: Blue, green, and purple.

Cropping: Removing an unnecessary portion of an image.

Deductive reasoning: A subtype of logical appeal, involving drawing a conclusion for a specific situation from general conclusions.

Diagram: An image with computer-generated elements that show how something looks.

Discourse community: A group of people who have the same interests and similar educational backgrounds.

Double complimentary color scheme: See Tetradic color scheme.

Dropbox: A file hosting service which uses cloud computing to enable users to store and share files with others across the Internet using file synchronization.

Duo-tang: A flexible thin metal fastener most often used in plastic folders.

Ethos: An appeal to the credibility of the author, writer, orator, etc.

Experts: A group of people who are very familiar and have professional knowledge on the subject.

File format: How an image is saved after editing on a computer.

Gender bias: Language that unjustly favors one gender over another.

Global communication: A type of communication that is universal and can be used around the world.

Globalization: Describes a modern system of viewing the world in which systems like economies, businesses, and social structures have become interconnected at a level not previously imaginable.

Gobbledygook: Language that is excessively complex and very hard to understand, bordering on nonsense.

Google Docs: Web-based word processor, spreadsheet, presentation, form, and data storage service offered by Google. It allows users to create and edit documents online while collaborating in real time with other users.

Graphic: Any object included in a document which helps an author visually communicate information to a reader.

Grid: A set of horizontal and vertical lines used to help designers place content on the page.

Hierarchy: The order of importance of elements on a page.

High-context cultures: Cultures which prefer to exclude information that they feel the audience should already know.

Homophone: Words that sound alike or nearly alike, but have different meanings and spellings.

HSB Model: Consists of the characteristics of color based upon the human perception. HSB stands for hue, saturation, and brightness.

Hue: The characteristic of color that distinguishes it from one color to another.

iChat: A software program for Macs which facilitates easy, but low-quality video.

Idiom: An expression whose meaning is not predictable by examining the meanings of the individual words; also idiomatic expression or phrase.

Inductive reasoning: A subtype of logical appeal, involving drawing general conclusions from specific observations.

International collaboration: A type of collaboration designed to cut across international divides to allow companies from different parts of the globe to work together.

In-text citations: Quotes used from texts that correspond with the entries in the Works Cited page.

Isometric projection: A method for visually representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions by displaying 90 degree 3D angles as 120 degrees 2D angles.

Kerning: The space between individual letters.

Laypersons: People who do not have professional knowledge on a subject.

Leading: The space between lines of text.

Legibility: The degree to which letters differ from one another.

Local collaboration: A type of collaboration which relies primarily on face-to-face meetings and regular contact with your collaborators.

Logical fallacies: In logical appeal, an appeal making use of a flawed, invalid, or otherwise inferior premise.

Logos: An appeal to logic and reason.

Low-context cultures: Cultures which do not rely heavily on context in their communication. These cultures prefer explaining everything in an organized and consistent way.

MLA format: the most commonly used style to cite papers and write papers in humanities and liberal arts; stands for Modern Language Association format.

Monochromatic color scheme: When the various forms of tone in a single color are used.

Negative space: White space around text or art on the page.

Neutral colors: Gray and brown.

Pantone Color Model: The technique that consists of mixing colors for printing based upon the list of colors made by the Pantone Corporation.

Paraprofessionals: A trained group of people who have knowledge on the subject but are not members of the given profession.

Pathos: An appeal to the emotions of the audience.

Photograph: A digital or film capture of a moment.

Phrasal verb: A combination of verb and one or more adverbs or prepositions that have an idiomatic meaning that cannot be predicted from the meanings of the individual parts. Examples: catch on, take off, bring up, or put up with.

Pixel: The smallest unit of a picture that can be controlled.

Pixelation: When an image is scaled larger than its original, resulting in a loss of detail.

Positive space: The actual text and art on the page. These elements are surrounded by negative space.

Primary colors: The base colors in the color wheel. Primary colors consist of red, yellow, and blue.

Process chart: An object that shows how actions are related in time.

Readability: How well the text can be read. This is determined by line length and kerning.

Regional collaboration: A type of collaboration designed to fill or bridge the gap in governance created by issues that cut across jurisdictions, sectors, and disciplines.

RGB Color Model: The technique that consists of mixing color based on light.

Saturation: The measure of color strength and purity.

Screenshot: A capture of what is on a computer screen at a given moment.

Screw fastener: A two-piece, hole-punched size, metal post paper fastener.

Secondary colors: The result of the mixing of primary colors. Secondary colors consist of orange, green, and violet.

Shade: The variation of color that occurs when black is added to the original hue.

SharePoint: A Microsoft technology that allows a company to host intranet based web pages. It also enables the sharing of MS Office documents between users on the intranet.

Skype: Free software for Windows which allows for voice and video chat over the internet.

Split complimentary color scheme: When color of the two adjacent colors of its complimentary are used together.

Statistical chart: A chart that compares quantitative information.

Substantive editing: When an editor thoroughly checks the content and meaning of the document.

Temperature: The measurement of the three primary colors when they are represented in a light source.

Tertiary colors: The “in-between” colors that are created with the mixing of primary color with a secondary color. Tertiary colors consist of orange-yellow, yellow-green, blue-violet, red-violet, and red-orange.

Tetradic color scheme: When four colors arranged in two complimentary pairs are used.

Text proper: The body of the text in which editors mark corrections.**

Tint: The variation of color that occurs when white is added to an original hue.

Triadic color scheme: When three colors that are spaced evenly on the color wheel are used together.

Typeface family: The same type (font) group in different styles such as normal, bold, italic and bold-italic etc. These are all styles or variations of the same typeface design.

Typesetter: The person who keys in changes made by the editor.

Value: The measurement of black in a color.

Vector graphic: A digital image created with formulas representing the location and orientation of geometric shapes such as lines, circles and polygons.

Warm colors: Red, yellow, and orange.

Works Cited: An alphabetical list of sources used within a paper.